We tested our SWF algorithm over three wetland sites across North America, including the Prairie Pothole Region, the Delmarva Peninsula and the Everglades, representing a gradient of inundation and vegetation conditions. Requiring no external training data, our algorithm estimates sub-pixel water fraction ( SWF) over large areas and long time periods using Landsat data. We present a fully automated and scalable algorithm for quantifying surface water inundation in wetlands. As such, increasing the penetration rate can be a useful measure for controlling SWF hazards during deepwater drilling.Īutomated quantification of surface water inundation in wetlands using optical satellite imageryĭeVries, Ben Huang, Chengquan Lang, Megan W. Along with the conventional methods of well flow and pressure control, chemical plugging, and the application of multi-layer casing, water and sand blowouts can be effectively reduced by increasing the penetration rate. A 10% increase in the SWF formation overpressure can result in a more than 90% increase in the cumulative water blowout and a 150% increase in the sand blowout when a typical SWF sediment is drilled. The results indicate that overpressure of the SWF formation and its zone size have significant effects on SWF blowout. The obtained data can be used for the quantitative assessment of the potential severity of SWF hazards. We calculated the water and sand blowout rates and analyzed the influencing factors from them, including overpressure of the SWF formation, as well as its zone size, porosity and permeability, and drilling speed (penetration rate).
We define `sand' as a pseudo-component with high density and viscosity, which can begin to flow with water when a critical pressure difference is attained. In this study, we applied a two-phase flow model to simulate water and sand blowout processes when penetrating shallow water flow ( SWF) formations during deepwater drilling. Ren, Shaoran Liu, Yanmin Gong, Zhiwu Yuan, Yujie Yu, Lu Wang, Yanyong Xu, Yan Deng, Junyu
bigpup may have hit the nail on the head with that last reply.Numerical simulation of water and sand blowouts when penetrating through shallow water flow formations in deep water drilling
We can then decide what needs doing from there. You just want your Menu entry to start your application what else d'you want it to do? Get up on the table, and start tap-dancing?Īnyway, it would be much appreciated if I could take a gander at the Mahjongg. Usually, for Puppy packages, we tend to strip out all the superfluous junk, and try to just leave a clean, tidy, minimal bare-bones entry that will, nevertheless, do the job. Gnome Unity KDE XFCE, etc.and they all handle Menu entries in different ways. Stuff from Canonical, especially, often has mucho extraneous crap included, 'cos they're trying to cater for multiple DEs, y'see. Most of our Puppy Forum 'packagers' do a way better job.many of whom are complete amateurs, when all's said & done. I've discovered, much to my disgust, that many 'professionally' put-together packages, from some of the major distros, even, have very badly-written. There are right (and wrong) ways to write.
Right can you open up 'sktop' in Geany, then do a copy'n'paste in your next reply, so's I can see what it looks like?
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